Offering multiple
modes of content delivery (UDL: Representation) is a critical component of
personalized learning. Creating or using existing video as a content delivery
method or to supplement learning gives students that extra resource to be
successful in reaching your learning outcomes. If you are thinking of creating
your own video, or plan to use existing video, there are ten design principles
you should adhere to, or look for, to ensure the videos are having the greatest
educational impact.
Analyze or create
your videos using these 10 multimedia design principles:
This principle states that learners learn better when
extraneous words, pictures, and sounds are excluded rather than included. In
other words, less is more. Carefully choose what elements are necessary and
leave out elements that are not.
2. Signaling
Principle.
When
lying out your video story be sure that simpler concepts precede complex ones.
This ensures that learners are not cognitively overloaded. Important parts of
the learning content should be highlighted, underlined, or bolded etc. This
helps students process and remember essential parts of the learning content.
3. Redundancy
Principle.
When
creating multimedia in a course, it is important to remember
that learners prefer only 2-3 multimedia elements at once. It is better to
include graphics and narration or
animation and narration rather than more than an abundance of elements (ie. on-screen
text, graphics, animation, as well as narration).
4. Multimedia
Principle.
Learners
prefer to learn better from words and pictures rather than from words alone.
The inclusion of graphics is very important.
5. Spatial
Contiguity Principle.
Studies
show that learners need corresponding words and pictures to be presented near each
other rather than far from each other on the screen. This simple alignment
effectively increases the impact of learning and lessens confusion.
This principle states that learners prefer it when
corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than
successively.
7. Segmenting
Principle.
Personalized
learning should offer flexibility in pace. Learners learn better from a
multimedia-infused lesson when it is presented in user-paced segments rather
than as a continuous unit. Suitable breaks in between the flow of information
is necessary to make sure that the learner takes some time to process what he
or she is reading.
8. Pre-Training
Principle.
The benefits
of creating pre-training opportunities benefit all types of learners. This principle states
that learners benefit from a multimedia lesson when they know the names and
characteristics of the main concepts. Introduce new concepts, names, and titles
of essential topics on the first few screens to make sure that learner feels comfortable
with the idea of moving forward.
9. Personalization
Principle.
This
principle states it is better to include audio in conversational style rather
than formal style. Not only does this put the learner at ease, it increases their
attention as well. Simply stated, videos should be created as informal and not
forced.
10. Voice
Principle.
Learners
prefer narration in a friendly human voice rather than a machine voice. So even
if machine generated narration is available it is better to create a voice-over
narration to make sure that learners remain engaged and are suitably inspired
to listen and learn.
Each
principle is linked to a video illustrating the design principle in action.
Submitted by Suzanne Riesen, Math Teacher at Brookfield Central High School
Resources:
YouTube Videos by
Bucky Dodd
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